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Writer's pictureAnna Mae Yu Lamentillo

Amfani da ilimin al'adu na gargajiya don magance matsalolin yanayi na duniya

Updated: Jan 3

Fiye da shekara goma da suka wuce, watanni kadan kafin na kammala karatuna a 2012, na ziyarci mutanen gargajiya na Tagbanua a Sitio Calauit a Palawan. Na zauna a can na tsawon kwana kaɗan kuma abu ɗaya da nayi mamaki akai shi ne yadda suka iya rayuwa ba tare da wutar lantarki, babu siginar wayar salula, kuma ba su da isasshen ruwa.


Sun samu makaranta inda ajin aji suka gina ba tare da maɓalli guda ba. Abin ban sha'awa shi ne, bamboo da itace suna haɗuwa ta hanyar yin ƙulɓi mai kyau. Ginin al'umma sun gina ta hanyar gulpi-mano, wata al'ada ta gargajiya ta bayanihan.


Yana da wahalar hango yadda irin waɗannan al'ummomi zasu iya rayuwa a wannan zamani. Yayin da duk muna ƙoƙarin samun sabbin kayan fasaha, al'ummomin gargajiya suna ƙoƙarin riƙe iliminsu da al'adunsu cikin tsari. Kuma za mu iya koyan abubuwa masu yawa daga gare su.


A gaskiya, ilimin al'adu na gargajiya na iya taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin mu na muhalli. A cewar Bankin Duniya, kashi 36 cikin ɗari na dajin da ba a taɓa shafa ba a duniya yana cikin ƙasar al'ummomin gargajiya. Bugu da ƙari, duk da cewa suna wakiltar kashi 5 cikin ɗari na yawan jama'ar duniya, al'ummomin gargajiya suna kare kashi 80 cikin ɗari na wasu muhimman nau'ikan halittu na duniya.


Suna kulawa da muhalli sosai saboda wannan ne wurin da suke rayuwa. A Sitio Calauit, ɗaya daga cikin yara da na yi magana da shi ya ce yana daga cikin wadanda ke gudanar da aikin shuka bishiyoyin mangrove akai-akai. Iyayensa koyaushe suna gaya masa cewa rayuwarsu tana dogara da wannan.


A cewar Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNU), kusancin al'ummomin gargajiya da ƙasa ya ba su bayanai masu muhimmanci da suke amfani da su wajen samar da mafita don tunkarar daidaitawa da canje-canjen da dumamar yanayi ke kawo wa. Suna amfani da iliminsu na gargajiya da ƙwarewar rayuwa don gwada hanyoyin da za su iya jure canje-canjen yanayi.


Misali, al'ummomin gargajiya a Guyana suna komawa daga gidajensu na savannah zuwa yankunan daji lokacin fari, kuma sun fara shuka garin mani a ƙasar da ta yi laushi fiye da sauran shuka.


Haka kuma a bangaren sarrafa shara mai dorewa — misali, a Ghana, suna amfani da al'adun gargajiya na kirkire-kirkire kamar yadda ake yin sinadaran shara daga abincin kasa na gargajiya don taimakawa wajen kula da shara. Hakanan suna da tsarin sake amfani da kayayyaki, kamar yadda ake yin igiyoyin labule da ginin tubalan daga filastik ɗin da aka sake amfani da su.


Bugu da ƙari, haɗa hikimomin gargajiya da sabbin fasahohi zai haifar da mafita masu dorewa ga damuwar al'ummomin gargajiya da kuma damuwar mu ta muhalli gaba ɗaya.


Misali, amfani da tsarin GPS daga Inuit don tattara bayanai daga masu farauta, wanda ake haɗawa da kimanta kimiyya don ƙirƙirar taswira da za a yi amfani da su a cikin al'umma. Wani misali shine a Papua New Guinea, inda sanin mutanen Hewa na tsuntsaye waɗanda ba za su yarda da sauyin muhalli ko ragewa cikin tsarin sharan lambu ba a rubuta ta hanya da za ta zama mai amfani wajen kiyaye muhalli.


An fara samun sha'awa mai yawa ga ilimin al'ummomin gargajiya saboda kyakkyawar dangantakarsu da muhalli. Muna bukatar hikimarsu, ƙwarewarsu, da masaniyarsu don nemo mafita masu kyau don magance kalubalen yanayi da muhalli.


Hanyar gaba shine amfani da kirkire-kirkiren al'ummomin gargajiya. Mu gina mafita ta amfani da hikimar gargajiya haɗe da sabbin fasahohi. Wannan zai ƙara karfafa hanyoyin tunani na kirkire-kirkire kuma zai taimaka wajen karewa da kiyaye ilimin gargajiya mai muhimmanci, al'adu, da tsarin gargajiya.

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